Ljunghusens GK lies within a heathland dominated coastal nature reserve. The links characteristics of the landscape have changed over centuries through different usage. Remains of this are found in form of old fisher huts, tong walls, peat pits and heather meadows. Constant improvements to the management of the landscape are being carried out. Irrigation water comes from boreholes and surface water. Efficiency is continually improved. No alien grass species are used on the course and since the 1980’s fertilizer use has been reduced by about 80%. Pesticides are used only when necessary and IPM is used to a degree. Sophisticated recycling has been introduced and all hazardous waste is taken care of. The facility is continually trying to improve its energy saving capacity and the oil...
Publication of this Certification Report indicates that Ljunghusen Golf Club has been assessed against the GEO Certification Criteria and awarded GEO Certified status.
Each section of this document covers a key area of environmentally sound golf facility management. As defined by the Golf Environment Organization, these are: Nature, Landscape & Heritage, Water, Turf, Waste, Energy, Education & Awareness and Management Planning.
Scope of Application
Ljunghusen Golf Club consists of:
Courses
Ljunghusen (27 holes)
Clubhouses
Ljunghusen
Maintenance Facilities
Ljunghusen
Other
Pro Shop
Practice Facilities
Halfway House
On Course Toilet Facilities
Nature
The course has been within a nature designation since 1986. The heathland is internationally recognized as wet lands. The character is links course build on sand upon land that a long time ago was open sea.
Bell heather, crowberry and ordinary heather are abundant as well as bog myrtle spreads its characteristic scent among the banks of the shore and close to the dykes on the course you can find sundew and the insect eating steep grass. Among tufts of heather and crowberry springs you can find the rare bell gentia which flowers in profusion in July and August particularly along the second, sixth, fourteenth and fifteenth holes.
Outside the fence we can see Highland Cattle grazing not only as a feature but also to keep the heathland free from shrubs.
Hela banan ligger i naturreservat sedan 1986. Byggd på mark som är internationellt klassad som våtmarkshed. Banan är linksbana och är byggd på ett underlag av sand från tiden när landskapet var havsbotten.
Olika sorters ljung, kråkbär tillsammans med pors är de dominerande växtarterna. Och det finns på dammslänter och vid dikeskanter sileshår och andra insektsätande växter. Bland ljung och andra växtligheter kan man bland annat finna den fridlysta klockgentianan vi sidan av hl 2, 6, 14 och 15.
Utanför banan kan man se de lurviga korna av rasen Highland Cattle beta på den naturskyddade våtmarksheden Skanörs Ljung, inte bara till lyster utan de utför en hjälper till att hålla sly och buskar.
Designations
Ljunghusen Golf Club features areas that are designated or protected at the following levels:
International
National Government
Local Government
Self Appointed
Informal NGO
Surveys
The following ecological surveys have been undertaken:
Title
Author
Date
Botanical
Karlsson, T
1998-06-19
Birds
Bernsmo, J
1998-07-17
Mammals
Hillarp, J-Å
1995-03-09
Amphibians
Rugfelt, C
2004-07-17
Redlisted species
Gärdenfors, U
2000-05-08
Update of Botanical survey
Göransson, D
2002-06-26
Habitats
Estimated area of habitats at Ljunghusen Golf Club:
Rough ‘ecological’ grassland: 25 ha; of National Importance
Wetlands: 10 ha; of National Importance
Open water features: 7 ha; of National Importance
Heather and other dwarf shrub communities: 33 ha; of National Importance
Ljunghusen Golf Club has undertaken the following activities to improve the landscape ecology of the site:
Increase the size of habitat patches
Connect internal habitat patches
Connect patches with external habitats
Create new habitat corridors
Improve and diversify habitat edges
Species
Rare, protected and notable species occurring at Ljunghusen Golf Club [Latin names]:
Gentiana pneumonanthe
Apium inundatum (L.) Rchb. f.
Viola tricolor ssp. curtisii
Pilularia globulifera L
Asperugo procumbens
Lythrum portula
Lotus tenuis
Anthriscus caucalis M
Consultation
Ljunghusen Golf Club consults with the following nature conservation organisations:
Falsterbo Nature Conservation Society
Falsterbo Ornithology Organisation
Skane County Forest Board
Skane County Government Board
Vellinge Community Regional Environmental Office
Activities
Ljunghusen Golf Club has undertaken the following activities to enhance nature protection:
Activity
Description
Field trips
We arrange together with local NGOS walks on the course to look at flora and fauna on our premises. We also promote local NGOs to invite our members to participate in their nature walks.
Informing members
In 1994 Anna Tegner painted the flora and fauna of the course. The original is in the Club House and 150 copies were sold to members.
Natural events, such as an oystercatcher laying eggs, are marked as GUR and notified on notice boards and website.
Naturalising the site
Regular maintenance of heathland by cutting heather and remove scrub.
Enhance erosion control wher we are close the sea.
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for maximizing its ecological value:
Continue to remove unwanted trees and shrubs
Update surveys for birds, mammals and frogs
Print a nature guide showing areas with special natural interest, like the guide the R&A makes for Open championship courses in Britain.
Landscape & Heritage
For a long time the oak trees were the dominating feature on the landscape of Falsterbo Peninsula. This changed during the medieval time, as oak was in great demand for good timber. The area was clear-cut and thus the heathland was established. For hundreds of years the heath land was used for pasture, peat for covering roofs and also for burning in fireplaces and stoves. In the middle of the 19th century pine-, oak- and birch-trees were planted and the area started to take the present look. The climate interference of the area has always been present and since the ice age the beach area south of the heath land with its sand dunes and shoreline has changed constantly.
Our club strives to integrate the course into the surroundings as much as possible and careful plans have also been made for the changes or alterations of the buildings not to disturb the impression. The machinery shed was built to fit in with the old clubhouse nearby. The maintenance centre is surrounded by a fence protecting trespassing and viewing.
Under lång tid ekar var den dominerande inslag i landskapet i Falsterbo halvön. Detta ändrades under medeltiden efterfrågan på ek var stor för virke. Området blev renhugget övergick i hedmark. Inder många år användes hedmarken för bete, torv för att täcka tak och även för bränning i spisar och kaminer. I mitten av 1800-talet planterades tall-, ek och björk-träd och området började ta den nuvarande utseende. Kustlinjen har förändrats konstant genom erosion och även genom tillskott av sand på sina ställen.
Vår förening strävar efter att integrera banan med omgivningen så mycket som möjligt och noggranna planer har också gjorts för de ändringar eller ändringar av byggnader som inte stör intrycket. Maskinhallen byggdes för att passa in med det gamla klubbhuset. Området är omgärdat av staket som skyddar mot insyn och obehöriga.
Designations
Ljunghusen Golf Club features the following landscape designations:
Areas of Scenic Beauty
National Park
International Wetlands
Ljunghusen Golf Club features the following cultural heritage designations and protected features:
Archaeology (Settlements / Agricultural Systems etc)
Surveys
The following landscape assessments and appraisals been carried out at the site:
Date
Title
2008-06-02
History of border lines
No archaeological or heritage surveys have been carried out at this site.
Consultation
Ljunghusen Golf Club consults with the following organisations on landscape and cultural heritage issues:
Falsterbonäsets Naturvårdsförening
Local associations with goals to preserve the area.
Activities
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes the following activities to enhance landscape and cultural heritage:
Activity
Description
Seaweed walls
Keep them clear of shrubs and protect for damages.
Shore lines
Protect the shore lines through fencing and replanting grasses that are thriving on the dunes.
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for conserving or enhancing its landscape and cultural heritage value:
Restore the shore line wher ethe old fishing huts are South of the Club House.
Remove unneccery signs and boards on teh course and practice ground.
Update plans for areas surrounding buildings and parking lots.
A new master plan was made 2008 and the special notice of environmental issuses are included.
Water
Groundwater from boreholes and harvested surface water are used for irrigation. The golf facitlty has three pump stations and are using about 25 000 cubic meters of water per year. Public water are used for Club Houses.
Vatten till bevattning tas ur borrhål samt ur dammar där därdräneringsvatten samlas upp. Anläggningen har tre pumpstationer och använder ca 25 000 kbm vatten per år. Kommunalt vatten används till klubbhus och personalrum.
Consumption
Water sources
Primary Source
Secondary Source (if used)
Clubhouse
Public / Potable
N/A
Golf Courses
Groundwater
Recycled Drainage & Irrigation
Accommodation
Public / Potable
N/A
Maintenance facility
Public / Potable
N/A
Other
N/A
N/A
Water consumption (m3)
2008
2007
2006
Clubhouse
1021
965
897
Golf Courses
24960
23768
25163
Accommodation
N/A
N/A
N/A
Maintenance facility
251
244
252
Other
N/A
N/A
N/A
Irrigation
The following areas are irrigated:
Area name
Approx. Hectarage
Greens
2 ha
Tees
2 ha
Fairways
25 ha
Practice area, club house area
1 ha
Ljunghusen Golf Club irrigation system is Fully computer controlled.
This irrigation system is serviced every 2 months.
This irrigation system is upgraded every 1 years.
This irrigation system is calibrated every 1 years.
Ljunghusen Golf Club do not incorporate evapotranspiration rates and weather data into their irrigation programme.
Ljunghusen Golf Club does not monitor soil water content.
Analysis
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes environmental monitoring of water quality.
Chemical
Biological
Last Test Date
Tester
Inflow
Yes
Yes
2009-04-06
LMI
On-site
Yes
Yes
2009-04-06
LMI
Outflow
Yes
Yes
2009-04-06
LMI
The key findings of these tests were:
We have not observed higher content of nutritents and chemicals in samples taken from the the outflow than in the inflow of water. Salt content is continuously documented in irrigation ponds and boreholes and the salt content has so far been stable.
Activities
Ljunghusen Golf Club has undertaken the following activities to conserve / reduce / minimise water consumption:
Minimise irrigated area
Irrigate in the evenings
De-compact the soil
Grass species selection
Regular inspections for irrigation system leaks
Soil moisture analysis
Use of wetting agents
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes the following activities to protect and enhance water quality:
Maintain vegetative buffers
Creation of swales and attenuation areas
No spray zones
Erosion control
Pest and disease tolerant grass selection
Informed selection of fertiliser type
Informed selection of pesticides (least toxic, least persistent)
Naturalisation of pond margins to improve oxygenation
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for conserving water quality and minimizing water consumption:
Turf
Grass on greens are minly Fescue (Festuca Rubra) Browntop Bent (Agrostis tenuis) and some Annual meadow-grasses (Poa annua). Grasses on tees are a mixture of Fescue Browntop Bent and Kentucky blue grass. Fariways have the same grasss mixtures as tees. Roughs are dominated by Hard fescue and Sheep fescue. The ambition is to maintain all areas with low input of fertilizer and and low irrgiation rate.
Gräs på greener är en blandning av rödsvingel, rödven och vitgröe. På utslagsplatser och fairway är gräsen rödsvingel, rödven, ängsgröe och vitgröe. Ruffara består av hård- och fårsvingel. Ambitionen är att skötseln av alla dessa ytor domineras av låg gödslingsnivå samt sparsam bevattning.
Ljunghusen Golf Club maintains the following turfgrass species:
Ljunghusen Golf Club regularly undertakes the following practices to improve turf health:
Hollow Coring - 1 times per year
Top Dressing - 20 times per year
Micro Tining - 20 times per year
Scarification - 200 times per year
Verticutting - 20 times per year
Deep Anti Compaction - 3 times per year
Rolling - 40 times per year
Nutrition
N, K, micro nutrients and smalla amounts of P are used on greens and tees. Poor turf areas of fairways and some other areas are fed with small amounts of NPK. We have not used fertilise as an all over coverage for fairways since 1984. The nutrition programme has not changed over the last 20 years in general.
The greenkeeping staff feed the following areas of the golf course:
Greens
Tees
Fairways
Note that fariways are only partial fed.
The nutrition programme at Ljunghusen Golf Club is informed by:
Leaf Tissue Analysis
Soil Analysis
Visual Appearance
Sward Density
Rooting Depth
Fertiliser use in 2008
Nitrogen (kg/year)
Phosphate (kg/year)
Potassium (kg/year)
Greens & surround
300
100
220
Tees
360
180
240
Fairways
720
0
540
Semi Rough
0
0
0
Rough
0
0
0
Fertiliser use in 2007
Nitrogen (kg/year)
Phosphate (kg/year)
Potassium (kg/year)
Greens & surround
300
100
220
Tees
360
180
240
Fairways
720
0
540
Semi Rough
0
0
0
Rough
0
0
0
Fertiliser use in 2006
Nitrogen (kg/year)
Phosphate (kg/year)
Potassium (kg/year)
Greens & surround
300
100
220
Tees
360
180
240
Fairways
720
0
540
Semi Rough
0
0
0
Rough
0
0
0
Pest & Disease Control
Proacitve spraying for fungus in autumn and winter on greens. Occasionly herbicides are used on other playing surfaces.
Pesticide use:
Fungicides - If Necessary
Herbicides - If Necessary
Insecticides - Never
Lumbricides - Never
Growth Regulator - Never
Ljunghusen Golf Club keeps detailed records of pesticide application.
Pesticide use in 2008
Fungicide
Herbicide
Insecticide
Active ingredient
kg
Active ingredient
kg
Active ingredient
kg
Greens & Surrounds
Tiofanatmetyl
5
Fluroxipur
2
Prokloraz
5
Azoxystrobin
8
Tees
Fluroxipur
5
Fairways
Fluroxipur
20
Rough
Fluroxipur
5
Pesticide use in 2007
Fungicide
Herbicide
Insecticide
Active ingredient
kg
Active ingredient
kg
Active ingredient
kg
Greens & Surrounds
Tiofanatmetyl
6
Fluroxipur
2
Prokloraz
5
Azoxystrobin
8
Tees
Fluroxipur
4
Fairways
Fluroxipur
20
Rough
Fluroxipur
3
Pesticide use in 2006
Fungicide
Herbicide
Insecticide
Active ingredient
kg
Active ingredient
kg
Active ingredient
kg
Greens & Surrounds
Tiofanatmetyl
4
Fluroxipur
2
Prokloraz
6
Azoxystrobin
10
Tees
Fluroxipur
5
Fairways
Fluroxipur
15
Rough
Fluroxipur
3
Thresholds for using pesticides at Ljunghusen Golf Club:
On evidence of actual damage
Ljunghusen Golf Club selects pesticides with the following attributes:
Toxicity - Low
Persistence - Medium
Solubility - High
Specificty - High
Scouting at Ljunghusen Golf Club:
Frequency / month
Scout
Greens
4
Superintendent
Tees
4
Superintendent
Fairways
1
Superintendent
Semi Rough
1
Superintendent
Activites
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes the following activities to minimise / reduce pesticide use:
Activity
Description
Accept weeds
We can accept some weeds at some times of the year and are not to fuzzy to get rid of them, we know that some weeds only occur during a short period and that can be acceptable for players. Like being on a links land we try to be part of the nature and don't eliminate all weeds that occur.
Mechanical weed control
Cultivar practices are used to minimize weeds. When cutting greens the green team are informed to pick weeds as part of the job. Verticutting and other mechanical operations is used to stress the weeds.
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for achieving high quality playing surfaces in an environmentally responsible manner:
The main objective is to keep our golf course as a part of the nature preservation area and we don't hanve any intetion to turn iit into a park land course with lush grass growth and all weed free surfaces.
One goal is to inform the players about this situation so they know what to expect.
Waste
We do all we can to handle waste in a proper way to fulfill laws and regualation and because we believe in recycling.
Vi källsorterar avfall enligt bäst kända och praktiska metoder för vårt område.
Management
Waste streams for Ljunghusen Golf Club
Avoid
Re-use
Recycle
Landfill
Incineration
Registered Uplift
2009 Totals (kg)
Glass
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
2800
Plastic
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
250
Aluminium
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
100
Metal
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
2000
Paper
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
950
Cardboard
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
5000
Electrical
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
50
Grass Clippings
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
0
Cores
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
0
Turf
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
0
Sand
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
0
Wood / Timber
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
0
Leaves
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
0
Detergents
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
10
Cooking Oils
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
400
Lubricants
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
200
Pesticide Containers
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
20
Fertiliser Bags
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
50
Oil Filters
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
10
Batteries
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
1000
Ljunghusen Golf Club has secure storage for hazardous material.
Surveys
Ljunghusen Golf Club has not undertaken a waste audit.
Waste Water
Ljunghusen Golf Club manages its water as follows:
Discharges to:
Legally Compliant?
Formal Discharge Agreement
Clubhouse
Mains Sewer
Yes
Waste Water Clubhouse Formal Discharge Arrangement
Accommodation
N/A
No
N/A
Maintenance Facility
Mains Sewer
Yes
N/A
Wash Pad
Via Oil Separator
Yes
N/A
Activities
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes the following activities to reduce resource consumption or minimise waste:
Recycle as much as possible, wash of grass from machinery in field, try to sort all waste before disposal.
Contract for recycling waste from club House and amintenance
Compost, sand, wood
Composting grass clippings collected from greens mowing.
Reuse cores, sand, turf when rebuilding on the course.
Members can collect wood using in their fireplaces. Chopping smaller branches for compost and used at paths.
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for reducing, re-using and recycling waste, and minimizing resource consumption at source:
Guidlines for handling waste. Goal to reduce waste by at least 25%.
Rebuild wash pad to secure that no spillage runs in to open water.
If possible compress cardbourads waste to minimize transport impact.
Continue to educate staff in waste management practises.
Energy
We have changed from oilheating to heat pump and reduced the oil consumption in the Club House by 90%.
For the maintenance shed we have changed from electricity to heat pump. We have rebuilt irrigation pump stations for better energy efficiency. We have changed from petrol to diesel for less fule consumtion and we are using electric golf buggies.
Vi har installerat värmepump för ytjordvärme och reducerat oljeförbukningen med 90% i klubbhuset. Vi har ersatt diretkel i personalrum med värmepump för ytjordvärme. Vi använder diesel i stället för bensin för banskötselmaskinerna vilket ger väsentligt mindre förbrukning och vi har eldrivna golfbilar.
Consumption
Energy and fuel use in 2009
Electricity - 290000 Kwh
Diesel - 11945 Litres
Petrol - 956 Litres
Hydralic Oil - 200 Litres
Heating Oil - 3000 Litres
Propane - 1011 Litres
Energy and fuel use in 2008
Electricity - 250000 Kwh
Diesel - 12001 Litres
Petrol - 1012 Litres
Hydralic Oil - 200 Litres
Heating Oil - 12023 Litres
Propane - 989 Litres
Energy and fuel use in 2007
Electricity - 275000 Kwh
Diesel - 12000 Litres
Petrol - 1054 Litres
Hydralic Oil - 200 Litres
Heating Oil - 12000 Litres
Propane - 1042 Litres
Ljunghusen Golf Club has taken the following measures to diversify energy and fuel supply:
Use of geothermal and / or ground source
Biodiesel is not working in our machinery.
Our diesel so called ecodiesel.
Surveys
Ljunghusen Golf Club has undertaken an Energy Audit:
2008-10-01 - Mats Ericsson and others in building comittee
Carbon
Ljunghusen Golf Club has not begun to carbon footprint its operations.
Purchasing Policy and Sustainable Supply Chains
Ljunghusen Golf Club informs suppliers of its environmental preferences:
Buy in quantities that fit operationa to optimize transports.
Purchasing policy for Ljunghusen Golf Club
(1 = not important; 5 = very important)
Performance Quality - 5
Price - 3
Supplier Service - 5
Durability - 5
Energy Efficiency - 5
Recycleability - 5
Pollution Risk - 5
Packaging - 5
Disposability - 5
Local Produce - 5
Activities
Activities undertaken to record energy consumption:
Meters on all consumtion.
Activities undertaken to reduce energy consumption:
Change from petrol to diesel for maintenance mahcinery.
Electric carts.
Changed from oil heating in Club Houses to geothermal heating.
Sensors for lights in houses
Green purchasing activities undertaken:
none
Departments involved in energy saving activities:
Vellinge Kommun
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for reducing energy use and moving towards cleaner and renewable energy supplies:
Reducing oli for heating.
Reduicing electricity for heatin and change in to geothermal heating sources.
Using air-air heating pumps to reduce elctricity use.
Begin with Carbon Footprint
Education & Awareness
Knowledge
Employees of Ljunghusen Golf Club receive the following formal and informal environmental education:
Pesticide storage, application and disposal
Efficient water management
Emergencies / accident management
Habitat and vegetation management
Waste minimisation, separation and recycling
Health and safety
Energy
Landscape and cultural heritage issues
Environmental management planning
Ljunghusen Golf Club keeps formal staff training records for these departments:
Greenkeeping
Administrative
Ljunghusen Golf Club keeps the following record of accidents in the workplace:
Number
Type
Severity
Response plans for accidents and emergency situations at Ljunghusen Golf Club
Annual training for staff for emergency situations and an annual revised act plan.
Defrillibator in Club House and annual isntructiosn for staff how to act in case of emergency.
Communications
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes the following internal environmental communications:
Newsletters
Members evenings
Course walks
Displaying awards
Notice boards
Poster displays
Course guides / brochures
Course signage
The most successful internal communications project at Ljunghusen Golf Club has been:
Through our envrionmental committee members, guests and staff are informed about our programme.
Ljunghusen Golf Club undertakes the following external environmental communications:
Website
Course walks / Open days
Press releases
Attending community meetings
Brochures
Joint practical projects with community
Annual meeting with NGOs in our neighbourhood.
The most successful external communications project at Ljunghusen Golf Club has been:
Close cooperation with local NGOs.
Partnerships
Ljunghusen Golf Club works with the following external groups:
Local environmental groups
Neighbours
Media
Local government
Local community groups
Local businesses
Authorities
The most successful partnership project at Ljunghusen Golf Club has been:
Close cooperation with local NGOs. We also communicate through local newspaper.
Since we are in a nature reserved area we do have a very close cooperation with regional auhtorities.
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for educating and raising environmental awareness amongst staff and golfers:
Regular trainíng programme.
Inform golfers what happens on our ground and continue to make field walks with specialists that can update golfers about our rare nature.
Ljunghusen Golf Club has an Environmental Management Plan covering:
Nature
Landscape & Culture
Water
Turf
Waste
Energy
Education & Awareness
The Management plan was first introduced: 1994-05-05
Ljunghusen Golf Club review the management plan every:
12 Months
1 Years
Ljunghusen Golf Club monitor the progress of the scheme as follows:
On regulary bases and at each board meeting we have environment on the agenda and teh environmental working roup report actula status.
Working Group
Ljunghusen Golf Club has an environmental working group, comprising the following individuals/organisations:
Owner
General Manager
Course Manager
Committee Members
Local Environmental NGO
Accreditation
Ljunghusen Golf Club does not belong to any other accreditation or award schemes.
Key national environmental legislation with which Ljunghusen Golf Club complies:
Maintenance programme for the nature reservation area where the golf course has its own part to fulfill since the nature reservation area was established 1986.
None for the moment. We set our own goals to optimize water use for both irrigation and potable water for club houses and maintenance facilties.
We don't have to separate waste but we've done this for several years and we've also managed to be allowed to separate and dispose waste at the local waste disposal station.
A contract with a company to collect hazardous materials.
None for the moment. But our goal is to reduce in any field we can even if there is no obligation.
Aims & Objectives
Ljunghusen Golf Club has the following key objectives for effectively planning its proactive and long-term environmental management:
Rduce and minimize use of oil for heating.
With geothermal heatin also reduce use of electricity.
With modern pump stiations optimize energy use for irrigation.
With modern machinery have the newest technology to get best fuel effeciency.
Certified 05 / 2009
